All the things I did not know

July 18, 2026

There are so many things I didn’t know before falling into this nature photography hobby that it’s actually impossible to cover them all. Here is just a sampling of some of my favorite discoveries!

Out on a Picture Walk with a Nikon D500 camera, a Sigma 150-600mm lens,
and a monopod holding everything up!

It’s never been enough to just take a picture and move on. It’s never been enough to just know the names of the plants and creatures that show up in front of my lens. I’ve always needed to know what makes them special and why they do the things they do. Why do dragonflies point the tips of their ‘tails’ toward the sun on a hot summer day? Why do some birds flail around on the ground? Why do grackles puff out their chests and point their beaks upwards? Almost every picture I’ve taken needs an answer.

Eastern Amberwing dragonfly

Did you know that there are more than 5,000 species of dragonflies? That they were some of the first winged insects to evolve 300 million years ago and that they used to have wingspans of two feet or more? I had no idea!

Blue-eyed Darner dragonfly

It wasn’t until I started taking pictures that I learned dragonflies and damselflies come in multitude of colors; red, pink, blue, green, yellow, gold, purple, black… almost every color you can imagine.  I had barely paid them any notice before going on picture walks!

Common Green Darner dragonfly
Roseate Skimmer dragonfly
Spangled Skimmer Dragonfly

When I found a dragonfly pointing the tip of its tail toward the sun on a hot summer day, I wanted to know why.  What I found out was fascinating! This is how dragonflies regulate their body temperature and prevent overheating! Their handstand-like posture is known as an ‘obelisk pose’. By aligning their tails directly with the sun’s rays, a dragonfly minimizes the surface area of its body exposed to solar radiation!

Male Blue Dasher dragonfly in the ‘obelisk pose’
Female Blue Dasher dragonfly in the ‘obelisk pose’

When I first saw a bird flailing around on the ground like this Black-capped Chickadee, I thought it was injured. When I approached to see if I could help, it flew away! Why was it on the ground in the first place??

Black-capped Chickadee ‘anting’

The behavior this chickadee was engaged in is called “anting.” Birds will intentionally cover themselves with ants in order to benefit from the formic acid that ants release when they’re disturbed. The acid helps with controlling parasites, soothing irritated skin, and serves as a natural insecticide or fungicide!

A very beautiful Common Grackle

Before photography took over my life, I didn’t know that grackles could be so beautiful or that they could establish dominance, attract a mate, or settle a dispute by merely pointing their beaks in the air. It’s called ‘the grackle stance’, ‘sky pointing’, or ‘bill tilting’. Grackles tip their bills straight up, extend their neck as far as they can, and puff out their chests to look as large and as intimidating as possible. The one who holds that stance the longest, wins the dispute! If they’re trying to impress the females, the grackle who lasts the longest or looks the most fit, takes home the girl!

Common Grackles demonstrating the ‘grackle stance’

American Bullfrogs are my favorite amphibians and I’ve taken hundreds of pictures of them over the years.  It wasn’t until recently that I learned you could tell a boy frog from a girl frog by the size of their ears! Look for a circle next to the bullfrog’s big, bulgy eyes. It’s called a tympanic membrane, a tight patch of skin that acts like an eardrum. If that circle is bigger than the frog’s eye, it’s a boy!

Boy Bullfrog with a very big tympanic membrane!

Some butterflies, like monarchs, also have ears! They don’t look anything like our ears or a frog’s ears, but they do have specialized, drum-like membranes called tympanal organs located at the base of their forewings that allow them to ‘hear’ the vibrations of fluttering wingbeats made by approaching predatory birds!

Female Monarch butterfly

You can’t tell the sex of a butterfly by its ears like you can a bullfrog, but you can tell a boy monarch from a girl by two black dots. Male monarchs have two prominent black spots (scent glands) on their hind wings that are used to attract mates. Female monarchs do not.

Male Monarch butterfly

I had never seen a turtle like this one before (with its bright yellow neck) until I took a picture. It has a interesting life history, a threatened existence, and a compelling reason for us to protect it.

Blanding’s Turtle

This is a Blanding’s turtle and, unlike most other creatures, it shows virtually no signs of biological decline as it ages. A 90-year-old turtle remains as healthy, active, and reproductively viable as a 20-year-old! Researchers who have been studying this ‘fountain of youth’ feature of the Blanding’s turtle are looking for ways to delay age-related diseases in humans, such as hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, cataracts, macular degeneration, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s.   

Blanding’s Turtle

Unfortunately, the Blanding’s turtle is listed as Endangered, Threatened, or a species of Special Concern in most of the areas where it resides. Sadly, it faces the same or similar threats as many other species with whom we share this planet: habitat loss and fragmentation, predation, climate change, and pesticide use. So many plants and animals that we destroy hold the secrets to a better life for us. What harms them, harms us.

Bee Balm

One of my favorite plant discoveries has been ‘bee balm’, also known as monarda. Given the right conditions, bee balm grows abundantly in the wild, but can also be grown in your garden. It’s a wonderful little plant for attracting hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies. But there’s another insect that loves bee balm just as much: a hummingbird moth! This fascinating insect is a little bigger than a bee but smaller than a hummingbird, and has been mistaken for both. It likes the same flowers as bees and hovers in front of them like a hummingbird to gather nectar.  

Hummingbird Clearwing Moth on Bee Balm

Before taking pictures, I didn’t know that some robins stayed here all winter. I thought, like everyone else, that they were the true ‘harbingers of spring’.  But, on my wintertime picture walks, I discovered them up in the trees eating berries! If robins can find enough berries over the winter, they won’t migrate. We tend to think of them as just spring and summer birds because that’s when we are more likely to see them; out on our lawns pulling up worms!

American Robin enjoying winter berries
American Robin enjoying juniper berries in the winter
Springtime Robin pulling up worms!

Surprisingly, Robins and other berry-eating birds, like Cedar Waxwings, can become intoxicated if the berries they’re gulping down are fermented!

Cedar Waxwing enjoying Juniper Berries

One of my biggest bird surprises was finding cuckoos in Michigan! I didn’t even know we had cuckoos anywhere in the United States, let alone Michigan (at least not the feathered kind)! My only ‘cuckoo’ experience had been in Scotland years ago! But Scotland and Michigan host completely different species. Scotland has a Common Cuckoo; Michigan has the Black-billed Cuckoo and the Yellow-billed Cuckoo.  Even though we rarely see these birds, cuckoos are good to have around. Our Michigan Cuckoos love eating spongy moth caterpillars (formally known as gypsy moth caterpillars) which defoliate our trees and kill the weakener ones.

Black-billed Cuckoo
Yellow-billed Cuckoo

In just a few weeks I’ll be on the hunt for one of my favorite insects, the Praying Mantis. I love finding them and taking their picture because, unlike any other insect on the planet, a Praying Mantis can turn its head 180 degrees and look me straight in the eye! How weird is that?

Praying Mantis staring back at me!

There seems to be an infinite number of plants and creatures that I never knew about before walking out my door ten years ago, camera in hand, to go on my first picture walk—and I expect there’s an infinite number left waiting to be discovered!

In search of another interesting subject!

I learn something new every time I go out!

Some Days…

August 23, 2024

Some days it’s really hard for me to push myself out the door and go for a picture walk—even though it’s something I love to do. Today was one of those days. I’d already gone for a long, leisurely walk with friends earlier in the day, and I’d already taken enough pictures. There was no logical reason to go out again. But it was a perfectly beautiful day; not hot, not humid, not windy. It would be a shame to waste all that loveliness by sitting in the house– and I would always wonder what I’d missed if I didn’t go. As it turned out, I would have missed everything!

Black-eyed Susan

My walk started out, as it often does, down by the creek behind our house where the dragonflies gather. I’ve found blue dashers, familiar bluets, slaty skimmers, Eastern pondhawks, and Eastern amberwings at the creek all summer long, but today there was a surprise–an American rubyspot damselfly!  It’s one of the prettiest little damselflies I’ve ever seen, but rarely find. My trip out the door had already paid off!

American Rubyspot Damselfly

Next on my route was the nearby WMU Business Technology and Research Park with its vast expanse of prairie grasses and wildflowers where I was hoping to find a few lingering butterflies or, perhaps, the first praying mantis of the season. There were so many possibilities! What first caught my attention, though, was a stunning green darner dragonfly, floating above the grasses looking for a place to land. I rarely see them, or get a picture, so I tracked its movements through the air hoping it would land somewhere that would be easy enough to photograph. Unfortunately, it chose a spot about 15 feet away and below my line of sight. I carefully picked my way through the high grass hoping to find it, hoping not to disturb it, and hoping not to acquire a few ticks along the way! I succeeded on all counts!

Female Common Green Darner Dragonfly

The fields of tall grass and wild flowers at the business park have beautifully mowed trails all the way through. One of those paths that I particularly like to walk has praying mantises along the way–and now is the time to find them!

WMU Business Technology and Research Park mowed path

They like hanging out on the tall stalks as they look for love. But they’re so well camouflaged that it’s almost impossible to find them! It’s like the ultimate Where’s Waldo challenge, but without the red and white striped hats to distinguish them! Sometimes, I’ll find 10 or more on a single walk; today I only found one, but it was almost as exciting as winning the lottery! And there were more surprises ahead!

Praying Mantis up close!
Praying Mantis from a distance!

After spotting the praying mantis, I very quietly and cautiously headed over to the small pond across the road where I once found a giant snapping turtle draped across a large rock. On rare occasions, I’ve also found a great blue heron standing motionlessly along the edges waiting for its his next meal to swim by.

Giant Snapping turtle that I found on a previous visit to the pond behind Floyd Hall

I’d barely crossed the road when I spotted the great blue heron! He was standing on the opposite side of the pond in his familiar stoic pose. From experience, I knew this bird might not move for a very long time. Great blue herons are extremely patient birds as they wait for their next meal. I took a few pictures as he stood there, and then I too waited, hoping for a better shot. Eventually, this magnificent bird very cautiously moved one of its legs, and then the other as it crept forward into the water. It occurred to me in that quiet moment of concentration that we were both doing the very same thing; standing quietly and watching our prey, then moving ever so slowly towards it, hoping to make the catch!

Great Blue Heron stalking his prey

From the pond behind Floyd Hall, I headed over to another pond where I hoped to find one of the green herons that visited regularly. What first caught my eye, though, was a mallard hybrid of some sort that had a wide band of white around its neck. It was wider than I what I usually see on a male mallard and I worried that it might be a piece of plastic. So, I zoomed in and quickly realized that this was just another goofy looking duck. Mallards breed with a wide variety of other ducks including domestic ducks, American black ducks and Northern pintails– all of which result in some very odd-looking offspring, including this one!

The odd duck with the wide white neck band
Typical Male Mallard

But my best surprise was still waiting for me.

I went to the footbridge that crosses over the pond hoping to find the elusive green heron. As I stood at one end of the bridge with my camera pointed towards the pond, a red-tailed hawk landed on the railing to my left at the other end of the bridge– only 20 feet away! It took my breath away! I really, really wanted a picture but I didn’t know if my settings were right, and I knew if he saw me move, he’d fly away. So, I very, very slowly turned my camera in his direction and quickly took a burst of shots, hoping for the best. Perhaps he noticed my barely perceptible movements or heard the click of my camera; within fifteen seconds, he was gone! Wow! I’ve never been that close to a hawk before!

Red-tailed Hawk on the footbridge 20 feet from me!
The hawk turned in my direction and took off as quickly as he came

After the hawk flew off, the green heron flew in and I got the shot!

Green Heron contemplating his next meal

On my slow amble towards home, a few butterflies posed politely for pictures and my picture walk was complete!

Monarch Butterfly on butterfly bush
Eastern Tiger Swallowtail on spotted knapweed

It was the best day ever– among a bucketful of best days where I’ve been lucky enough to still do all the things I love.

Monarch Butterfly on spotted knapweed

For the Love of Dragonflies!

I love dragonflies! But I didn’t know this until I started taking pictures. Without my camera, and without the ability to bring up pictures on my computer, I had no idea that dragonflies were so beautiful, that they came in such a wide variety of sizes and colors, that their wings were such masterpieces of engineering, or that there were so many different kinds!

Black Saddlebags Dragonfly
Twelve-spotted Skimmer Dragonfly

Over the course of my photography journey, I’ve found almost every color dragonfly imaginable including red, white, blue, green, purple, orange, black, brown, and pink!  These little creatures are not just candy for the eyes, they’re amazing acrobats as well; flying deftly in all directions like miniature helicopters!

Ruby Meadowhawk Dragonfly
Female Blue Dasher Dragonfly

For clarification, there are both dragonflies and damselflies. Collectively, they are known as Odonata. To the casual observer, dragonflies and damselflies probably look the same. They both have 6 legs, a head, and an abdomen; both have two pairs of transparent wings, bulgy eyes, and stick-like bodies. But there are a couple of features that help differentiate the two: body shape and wing position.

American Rubyspot Damselfly
Male Ebony Jewelwing Damselfly

Dragonflies have bodies that are much thicker and bulkier than damselflies and because of their heftier size, it’s more likely that you’ll notice a dragonfly long before you’ll ever see the tiny, delicate-looking damselflies. When dragonflies are at rest, they hold their wings perpendicular to their bodies like an airplane. Damselflies, on the other hand, fold their wings up and hold them together across the top of their backs.

Male Eastern Amberwing Dragonfly
Female Slaty Skimmer Dragonfly

I much prefer the dragonflies to the damselflies, mostly because they’re bigger and much easier to photograph, and because I can more readily capture the details in their wings. Had I been around 300 million years ago, when dragonflies were first evolving, it would have been even easier to get a picture! Those early insects had wingspans of two feet or more! Today’s dragonflies have wingspans of less than five inches!

Blue Dasher Dragonfly
Male Roseate Skimmer Dragonfly

Over the years, I’ve found so many different dragonflies that I’ve lost track of how many. Worldwide, there are at least 5000 different species, with dragonflies being much more common than damselflies. They are found on every continent except Antarctica. Here in the United States, there are about 450 different kinds of dragonflies and damselflies. In my home state of Michigan, we have about 165 different kinds, and I’m pretty sure I’ve found most of them!

Male Slaty Skimmer Dragonfly
Male Banded Pennant Dragonfly

What is most interesting to me is their life cycle, and their peculiar sex lives! Dragonflies have three life stages: egg, nymph, and adult. The female lays her eggs in the water throughout the summer where they hatch and grow into nymphs. Some of those nymphs will remain in the water over the winter and emerge as adults the following summer. Some will remain in the water for years! While underwater, the dragonfly nymph will eat just about anything it can grab —tadpoles, mosquitoes, fish, other insect larvae and even each other!

Female Common Whitetail Dragonfly depositing eggs in the water

When the nymph is ready to metamorphose into an adult, it stops eating and makes its way to the surface of the water where it climbs up a reed and crawls out of its larval skin or exoskeleton. Once it emerges from its exoskeleton, the dragonfly becomes a skillful and prolific predator. Nearly every minute of its day is spent devouring the insects that annoy us —like mosquitoes, gnats, cicadas, and flies! One dragonfly alone can eat hundreds of mosquitoes a day! Predators that like to eat dragonflies include birds, fish, frogs, bees, bats, spiders, and other dragonflies!

Eastern Kingbirds LOVE dragonflies
Eastern Kingbird feeding dragonflies to her babies

Dragonfly sex is a rough-and-tumble affair. Their sexual coupling requires the flexibility and acrobatic skill of a “Cirque de Soleil” performer. During mating, the male grasps the female at the back of the head, and the female curls her abdomen under her body to pick up sperm from the male’s secondary genitalia at the front of his abdomen, forming a “heart” or “wheel” shape. In the process, females get bitten, males get scratched, and sperm winds up all over the place! After the deed is done, mama dragonfly lays her eggs by tapping the surface of the water repeatedly with her abdomen, or by shaking the eggs out of her abdomen as she flies along, or by placing the eggs on vegetation.

Halloween Pennant Dragonflies mating (male at the top)
Female Shadow Darner Dragonfly depositing eggs

Unfortunately, loss of wetland habitat is a big threat to our dragonfly populations around the world. At least one in ten species of dragonfly are threatened with extinction, according to the first world survey of their numbers. The loss of a dragonfly population threatens the loss of other creatures in that food chain. Ultimately, the loss of any one species is a loss for all of us.

Dragonfly Eyes

Nearly all of the dragonfly’s head is eye, so they have incredible vision that encompasses almost every angle except right behind them. Their compound eyes have up to 50,000 individual lenses, and they can see a wider spectrum of colors than humans. (photo by Mel Church)